Monday, September 30, 2019
Dylan and Dickinson : A Comparative View of Death Essay
â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death†and â€Å"Do Not Go Gentle into This Good Night†are poems written by different authors in different time periods. â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death†is a poem written by Emily Dickinson in which death is personified. â€Å"Do Not Go Gentle into This Good Night†is poem written by Dylan Thomas in which confront death and the death of his father is recounted. Thomas and Dickinson use the same dominant recurring images to explore the archetypal themes of birth, time, and death.            Questioning traditional values and redefining religion was a common theme throughout the 1900s. Religion in the past offered reasons for why certain natural things occurred. Darwin developed his theories on natural selection and the public was educated. It was no longer God that chooses what happens it is nature (Conlin 782). In the past death was seen as a normal part of life, and that god is control of who and when death occurs. In â€Å"Do not go gentle into that good night,†Dylan challenges the reader to defy God, and nature and fight against death. In line 2, Dylan writes â€Å"Old age should burn and rave at the close of the day†. Dylan means that even people at the end of their life should fight for every breath. He also writes â€Å"Good men†¦Wild men†¦Grave men†– all mean should wrestle death and keep life in their grasps. Exploring death as not just God determined event but an event in which each individual can play active role in, is a common theme found throughout the 20th century in literature, poetry, and public debate.            Dickinson takes a more passive and reflective approach. Dickinson’s primary intent is not either hope for immortality or the experience of living with the knowledge of death. Both are traditional interpretations of â€Å"Because Death Could Not Stop for Me,†but certainly not the only two possible ones. Death is described by Dickinson as an unintelligent betrayer. His â€Å"kindness†and â€Å"civility†and supposed immorality are just illusions to make the narrator and every living person go quietly with death. Dickinson did not write for an audience. She was not trying to inspire or educate. After experiencing the death of several people close to her, Dickinson was grieving, angry, and confused. The narrator of the poem was not prepared for death. In line 15 – 16, â€Å"For only gossamer my gown, / My tippet only tulle,†the narrator was not dressed, wearing only underclothes or night gown, when death came for her.            The fragmented society, and deeply painful world events is also reflected in 20th century literature. Much of poetry written during this time is considered incoherent or fragmented, and certainly this Dylan Thomas poem is disjointed (Banks, par 8). While the poem does have a rhyme scheme to each verse much of the text is incomplete or missing words. The verses are written like sentences but lack the grammar and structure of a true sentence. Also in line 2, Old age should be burn and rave at close of day†, Dylan writes leaving out the definite article â€Å"the†before close. Dylan purposely removes or leaves out words. He does this to forcibly pace the reading of the poetry so that it more closely resembles human thought (Cyr, par 14). This lack of grammar and traditional forms is a quality found in 1900s literature. Authors during this time fought against the norms of society and the rules that society placed on everyone.            Modern poets love to shake, shock, and disgust the reader. They do this to spring the reader the into action, even if that action is to hate the poem and the author. They want for the audience to feel something, and feel it intensely. In â€Å"Do not go gentle into that good nightâ€Å", Dylan uses the technique of repetition of a particular line to drill his message into the minds of the audience. â€Å"Rage, rage against the dying of the light (ln 3, 6, 9 12, 19),†write Dylan Thomas to poke at the reader hoping the ensues agitation makes them wonder why, and then how. The meter of the line reminds the reader of someone knocking against their coffin – knock, knock against the coffin. (Westphal, par 4) Demanding the audience to grab at their last breath from death. 20th century authors struggle to motivate society to become active and involved in their lives, even if that motivation comes from fear and anger.  The use of rhythm and repetition can also be seen in Dickinson’s work.            Sad thoughtfulness can be found in stanza 2 and the beginning of stanza 3. The narrator describes several things while traveling with death – children playing, field of grain, and the sunset. After passing these things the narrator has a realization and comments â€Å"Or rather, be passed us; â€Å" It was the narrator and death were actually stilling still and life was moving pass them. Languor or listlessness can be seen in line 5, â€Å"we slowly drove†and â€Å"he knew no haste.† The narrator also stopped her daily activities because of death, and states â€Å"And I had put away / My labor, and my leisure too.†The tone of repressed terror is created by the following lines : line 3 â€Å"The carriage held but just ourselves†, line 14 â€Å"The dews grew quivering and chill.† Each creates the feeling of emptiness, loneliness, and the bitter cold of literal loss and physical death. The poem also has a tone of mature resignation. The narrator is not fighting death. The narrator is not shocked at his arrival or that trip they take together. If read in the right way the rhythm is slow and monotone. The sound of slow horses’ hooves hitting the grove and is almost like death march. The tone is not sad but calm, reserved, and excepting that death is an inevitable part of existing.            The philosophical issues of life are explored by both Emily Dickinson and Dylan Thomas. While decades a part in their lives they choose to explore the issues of time, death, and birth in their poetry again and again. Dickinson’s â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death†breathes life into Death creating a character that is kind in appearance but cruel in action. The emphasis of her poem is death and the feeling of dying saturates the entire prose. Whereas Thomas chooses to celebrate life and the living in his poem â€Å"Do Not Go Gentle Into This Good Night† It is only the last three lines of the poem that he addresses death at all.  Both author skillfully use the images of the death, dying, and light to convey their own opinions on the archetypal motifs of birth, death, and life. Works Citied Bianchi, Martha Dickinson, and Alfred Leete Hampson, eds. Unpublished Poems of Emily Dickinson. Boston: Little, Brown, 1936. Conlin, Joseph R. The American Past. 7th ed. Belmont: Thomson, 2004. Thomas, Dylan. â€Å"Do not go gentle into that good night.†The Collected Poems of Dylan Thomas. New York: New Directions, 1953: 128. Westphal, Jonathan. â€Å"Thomas’s `Do not go gentle into that goodnight.'†The Explicator 52.2 (1994): 113-15.
Sunday, September 29, 2019
Importance of flowers
Flowers play an important role In making the life of a human being more cheerful and happy. People use flowers In several forms and on several occasions. Flowers are used as beautiful flower arrangements for decorating homes. They are also help people in proposing their partner for life, as well as flowers are used as a symbol of mourn and tribute on loved ones funeral. Apart from above said uses, there are several other uses of flowers in various activities of our daily life. Flower Arrangements in Decoration People love to decorate their houses with several attractive flowers arrangements.A flowerpot with fresh flowers on dining table increases the taste of breakfast and the impact of food being served. A beautiful flower setting on centre table of your drawing room can create a soothing atmosphere for you and your family members. Even guests visiting your house will not only adore your home arrangement skills, but they will also spread this word In front of others. A terrace garde n full of several smelling as well as non-smelling beautiful flowers Is the best place to spend your evening. Flowers and Love Flowers play an important role In the love life of every human being.A red rose Is the most helping and popular element for first expression of your love In front of him or her. The beauty and tenderness of a fresh red rose Is capable of conveying all your heartiest feelings without even uttering a single word from your mouth. This rose bud will become a most treasured gift for both of you in future that will help you both in recalling those days of hesitation and excitement. A candle light dinner with girlfriend or spouse is either incomplete or less romantic without a tulip or fresh rose dud arrangements on dinner table.Flowers and Women Flowers are symbol of beauty and happiness and women are a cause behind all happiness In people's life. Most Importantly, the love for flowers In women's heart Is well known. Flowers help women In making them more beautifu l, they love putting a matching flower in hairs to complete their makeup. Flowers are an integrated part of different homemade cosmetics and most of pentagonal Impact According to an April 2005 Rutgers university study, flowers bring about positive, beyond what most people normally deem as an acceptable reaction to the presence f flowers.Study participants reported feeling â€Å"excited†upon receiving a delivery of fresh flowers, and had displays of immense satisfaction. The study also reported that among study participants, flower recipients had an increased number of intimate connections with family members and friends. It concluded that flowers enhance an individual's emotional well-being and spurs an increase in happiness. Medicinal Benefits Flowers have healing properties. For example, roses are used extensively in the alternative medicine area for their ability to ease digestive issues and promote leaning in the liver.Infusions made using the dandelion flower can help to treat anemia and Jaundice. It also has blood-purifying properties. The marigold flower has antiseptic properties, making it good for helping cuts to heal. It also contains initiating components. The valerian flower provides migraine and tension headache relief and helps to cure insomnia. It also calms anxiety sufferers. Sunflowers are used to treat ulcers, and infusions may also help to ease the pain of menstrual cramping. Sunflower infusions are also used in alternative medicine to provide sore throat relief ND treat canker sores.Mental Health Benefits Fresh flowers also have an impact on your mental health. According to the Harvard University Home Ecology of Flowers Study, individuals have lower levels of anxiety and depression upon viewing fresh flowers, particularly in the morning. The study further shows that those women who keep fresh flowers in their homes regularly feel happier and much less anxious. Even if they women Just viewed a bouquet of fresh flowers in the morning , the study reports, they had an increased level of energy throughout the day.
Saturday, September 28, 2019
The Performance of TESCO Business Research Paper
The Performance of TESCO Business - Research Paper Example Overall management is responsible for the performance of TESCO business, its duty of directors to check the performance of business, Mostly the departmental managers are responsible for the performance of their department and top management see that the business is running in accordance with its objectives and they take the measures of any risk which may affect the performance of business and find the solution of that risk or problem. Tesco is the member of the ETI since it came into existence in 1998. In 2001, it has developed a new course for its purchaser and technical managers to lift up their consciousness of the Ethical Trading Initiative (ETI), ethical issues, and employee welfare in the supply chain. This was the primary course of its manner in the industry and has now been rolled out to its commercial teams. It will carry on training all new commercial purchaser and technical managers in this way. Organizing standards across its great and complex own brand supply base is a c hallenge, but Tesco is dedicated to functioning with its suppliers to maintain, develop and get better standards. Tesco remains a component of the ETI, actively contributing to projects that aspire to address the complex social matters that subsist in global supply chains. The directors have overall responsibility for day-to-day operational control. Executive directors who are the permanent employee of the company handle the day-to-day operations. Tesco will pick up the pace in its lead ahead of supermarket rivals tomorrow when it lacerates prices of hundreds of goods by another  £30 million.
Friday, September 27, 2019
Eassy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Eassy - Essay Example For instance, minority groups in American society have less degree of trust in the health system, which in turn affects how much information they give to nurses. Very young patients might not be fully aware of their clinical conditions. Old people might have had enough experience with nurses due to long-term health conditions. Young people may hide particular information that they believe will compromise their relationships. Old patients may not have confidence in very young nurses. All these factors influence assessment and interview techniques (Thomas 204). On the other hand, nurse’s assessment and interview techniques are influence by many factors. According to Sadock et al (5), each nurse is characterized by a set of cultural and health beliefs developed in life and professional training. Therefore, their assessment and interpretation of patient’s information follows those beliefs. Moreover, a nurse’ experience may depend on age and therefore ability to effectively manipulate interview techniques depend on age too. Age difference may also affect the techniques used by nurses for patient interview. For instance, a young fresh nurse may need to work extra hard to win trust and confidence of her patients. Nevertheless, nurses have the primary role of understanding these factors in order to expedite their duties effectively (Cleary et al 1). Michelle, Cleary. Factors influencing nurse–patient interaction in the acute psychiatric setting: An exploratory investigation. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Mental Health Nursing, Volume 8, Issue 3, pages 109–116, September 1999.
Thursday, September 26, 2019
Final Project Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Final Project - Term Paper Example It is also important to acquire a degree from an accredited law school, which is followed by proving of ones quality as a lawyer. This enables the community and state to appreciate the quality of services offered leading to election as a judge. The most important step to becoming a judge is gaining education. However, a number of courses such as public speaking, government, English, philosophy, and history should boost it. This is because a judge must have skills that include analyzing, logical thinking, speaking, and researching so s to acquire success. To become a judge one must be able to analyze situations in the current world in an acceptable manner. This is the reason experience as a lawyer is very important. In addition, one must have some public support, which is achieved during the trial processes. Since Judges are mostly appointed or elected, it is essential to have favor from the top officials by gaining political support. This ensures that the people involved in appointing are aware of your services and can recommend them as a judge. As a judge, it is important to keep track of any changes in the state laws. It is also essential to ensure that all cases are ruled in favor of the law. In addition, one must avoid any form of involvement in crime and corruption issues. Corruption is the best way to ensure that a judge is brought down. Most importantly, cases must be criticized and a ruling given in accordance with the law. I have worked as a judge for quite a number of years. After my education, I started out as a layer, where I defended cases successfully. I was always successful in most cases, which led to appointment a judge by the state council. After the appointment, I have listened to different cases for seven years. As each year increases in my calendar, I gain new ways to handle similar cases. Over the years, I have boosted my position through acquiring education in a number of
Wednesday, September 25, 2019
Prolife When does life begin Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words
Prolife When does life begin - Research Paper Example And to put forward one probable response to this query. The query will be tackled principally from a scientific point of view. Science has a large number of things to say on the subject of when human life begins, and despite the fact that it is a section that is commonly misconstrued or thrown away, there are issues scientists make out concerning human progression (Johansen 8). This information is totally pertinent to whichever debate concerning human life. Every person who takes on a rigid outlook on the subject of the making of human life has a requirement to be alert of what is deemed as scientific truth, and to give a reason for this in their viewpoint, even if they incorporate this information into a wrap up dissimilar than that of the common, scientific society. Nowadays we know much more regarding the physical facets of human life than we distinguished even five years ago. It is reckless to keep on debating over the same matters, to select, to outline laws, and to arrive at ethical conclusions, exclusive of at least trying to acce ss the riches of information obtainable. Science necessitates not be in disagreement with individual or spiritual certainties. Science explores realism it looks for realistic and indubitable truths; accuracy is steady, and thus each piece of scientific know-how fits into one of two classifications: either it assists to clarify the truth, or it is in inaccuracy and thus it is technically defective and will in due course be invalidated. That is the magnificence of science: idyllically it is self-approving. Refuting an established theory is as a lot, if not more, of a scientific achievement than adding supporting substantiation. An elementary intention of science is to prove itself mistaken, and that is why it is such an idea area from which to collect information (Johansen 12). Proper science has no reason to misinform. The
Tuesday, September 24, 2019
A Victim's Perspective Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
A Victim's Perspective - Essay Example Despite of this reduction, violent crimes in the country are known to be around 1.2 million (Frieden 2012). These statistics indicate the fact that more than millions of lives and more than millions of families are subjected to violent crimes annually. Despite of the reduction, it needs to be understood that the lives of the victims of the crimes become scarred every year. I have been through one such experience of a violent crime when I recently witnessed the murder of my aunt who stays in my neighbourhood. This event has left a great impact on me and has hampered my day to day activities. It has crippled me physically, emotionally as well as financially. I had read about the fact that crime victims suffer from many after effects following the violent crimes. These include post traumatic stress disorder, delusions and constant fear. Furthermore, the victims are repeatedly reminded of the crime by the interrogators who question with regard to the crime very often. Anxiety and stress are also known to affect these victims (Cox 2006). I have been suffering from all of these problems ever since the crime. I cannot sleep well and there is always a constant fear of being interrogated and reminded of the happenings on that day. I was very unlucky to have witnessed the murder of my aunt by the man who loved her and had promised that he would marry her. He is still on the run and I feel helpless. There are many challenges that I have to overcome before I can return my life back to normal. But the biggest challenge that needs to be tackled is to overcome the fear that I face when I want to go outside. It has been very difficult for me to step out of the house as there is a constant fear that I might be attacked by the murderer or that I might come across a similar incident again. I would have to gather my strength again and be ready to take all the support that my family and friends are offering me. To overcome this difficulty, I would also need to cooperate in a better way with the interrogators so that they can find the criminal and out him behind the bars. This will not be easy as it will require great willpower from my side. Difficulties have been my way following this incident. I have to answer the queries and questions not only of the investigators but also of the people living around me. This serves to remind me of the incident again and again. I am emotionally unstable as I cannot interact with anyone and my social life has totally ended. Furthermore, I have started visiting a psychiatrist as I am unable to sleep at night. I have not been going to my college as I do not think I will be able to face all the people and talk to anyone. My part time job has also been affected. Thus I have been drained financially as well. The stress and anxiety does not let me concentrate. I have assessed the fact that I need to come to terms with the event that has happened and face it rather than hide from it. I have tried searching and I have seen man y vic tims who have been suffering since years. I also watched the documentary â€Å"Beyond Conviction†by Rachel Libert (2006) to understand the feelings and emotions of other people suffering like me. The stories of Angela whose father was murdered and of Lyndy who was raped seem very similar to the situation that I
Monday, September 23, 2019
Love vs. Lust Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words
Love vs. Lust - Essay Example It takes the relationship to the next level and is provides relief to the soul. When a person is in love with someone he or she wants to share their feelings, thoughts and secrets with the other person; thus bringing them closer to one another. Love is a sort of commitment one has with another person, and it provides assurance that the people in love will support each other at all times and will face all conflicts together, instead of just giving up. (What is Love 2012) Love is something which cannot be bought or sold, and is totally independent. You cannot force a person to love you; neither can you force yourself to love another person. Love is spontaneous. It just happens, and we have no control over it. One cannot just stop loving a person, because once he or she is in love, it becomes almost impossible to let go. A person in love is ready to take risks for his or her loved one, and this is one of the finest qualities of love. A mother would risk everything for her child, because she loves her child. When a child is born, a mother lets go of all her enjoyment and other worldly things, in order to tend to her child and take care of the child. Love cannot be used as a bait to lure someone, nor can it be given as a reward. (Love Without Limits, 2012) When there is love between two people, there is a sense of security between them. They know that the other person will protect them and tend to their every need. They are even ready to make all sorts of sacrifices for each other. It is a complete sense of devotion to a person or persons, no matter what comes in their way. Besides, love cannot be measured neither can you measure the time period for which two people love each other. It can be months, years or you can spend your entire life loving someone. It can start or end in a flick. The decision to love someone doesn’t depend on your desires or hormones. (Love vs Lust 2012) Lust, on the other hand, is a short lived feeling of intense sexual desire for som eone. It is completely different from love. Like, a mother loves her child, while a person, on seeing someone attractive, can develop a feeling of lust towards him or her. It is basically being concerned that what the other person can provide us with and fulfills our desires. It is an intense feeling of pleasure and craving for self-satisfaction, which mostly means sexual intercourse. The concentration is mostly on fulfilling one’s desires. It can either be done by giving money or happens when a person sees someone he or she finds attractive. It is generally a feeling of arousal one senses when he or she spot someone appealing. So lust depends on looks and body of a person. One night stands, are also a sign of lust, in which two people engage in sexual intercourse, and leave in the morning without making plans of seeing each other again or having any sort of deep conversation. No real feelings are discussed and it is purely a physically intimate moment. (Lust vs Love: Do You Know the Difference?, 2012) Lust is also regarded as sort of a dangerous feeling, because it is very intense and a person wants to physically bond with the person he or she is attracted to. Lust can hinder with your thinking capability. It does not let one think straight or logically, because strong emotions one is feeling for another person to bond physically. It activates one’s sexual hormones, and the only thing he or she wants to do is to satisfy their sexual needs. This can be very
Sunday, September 22, 2019
Ideologies And Their Work In A Media Text Essay
Ideologies And Their Work In A Media Text - Essay Example Public speaking is a very powerful tool that can be used either to break down or build ideologies; this makes the media a source of ideological thought. The news story framing can form ideologies through what is both left out and present in a story (Grayantes & Murphy, 2010, p.165). Ideology has mostly been used by the politicians to change how people reason and the people believed to be right. This has been seen as most of the votes prefer other candidates to other for being convinced in believing in an idea (Grossberg, 2005). The lifestyle magazine content has relied on affected the people dressing code, and there living style. It is very important to understand that most of the products of the mass media ideological analysis majorly focus on the content of the message (Johnson & Milani, 2010). These are mainly the stories they narrate about the present and the past and instead of those stories effect. The mass media text ideological term of understanding is that is a type of communication that gives privilege to certain ideas while undermining others. Media text has a different perspective of ideology representing interests that are different with a power that is not the same involved in a type of power struggle within media text. Some idea will have an advantage over others because they are always built in a familiar media image or are known to be very popular. Other ideas will not be easy to identifying as they are not that visible and will only be identified by those people who are very devoted. The way in which media use the lifestyle magazine to advertise (Okonkwo & Palgrave 2007) or inform the public about certain issues provides the form of the principle of public dialogue by which the conflict of culture is waged.
Saturday, September 21, 2019
Police Control of Juveniles Essay Example for Free
Police Control of Juveniles Essay The paper that was written by Donald J. Black and Albert J. Reiss Jr. started by the definition of the deviance as a behavior in a group wherein there is a chance that there is a sanction when deviant behaviors are detected. This control approach as defined by the authors is a process carried on with the analysis, detection and the process of giving the adequate sanctions in the process of policing the juveniles.            Donald J. Black, as one of the authors of the study, was a professor of the social sciences at the University of Virginia. He completed his doctorate at the University of Michigan during the nineteen sixties. He pursued his post doctoral studies at Yale Law School as a Russell Sage Fellow in Law and law and social sciences. After that, he moved to the Harvard University during nineteen seventy nine. Where he held appointments in law school and the sociology department where he also used to be in the Yale School. After that, he taught as Law School teacher when he moved to the University of Virginia in the nineteen eighties.Due to his professorship, he is able to teach in any of the different schools and departments of the university.            Due to his wide experience in teaching and studies, he has numerous publications in the sociology of morality, law and conflict. Due to the expanding works o f Black, it includes works such as theory of the differential success of ideas, a theory of scientific theory, theory of scienticity, and theories of the behaviors of natural beings. The 1994 theory Prize plus the Distinguished Book Award of the American Sociological Association due to his most recent work: the Social Structure of Right and Wrong. His other work also include: (1) Behavior of Law which was translated to different languages; (2) The Manners and Customs of the Police and Sociological Justice, and ; (3) an article which has won him the Distinguished Scholarship Award still from the American Sociological Association entitled â€Å"The Epistemology of Pure Sociology†a recent article that was published in Law and Social Inquiry. He was also an editor of the Oxford University Press for the books called â€Å"Studies on Law and Social Control†.            Moreover, his popularity made him invitees as speakers and lecturers to a number of countries in the world: Denmark, Finland, Sweden, France, Scotland, Poland, England and Japan. Furthermore, he is father and founder of a sociological class which includes no psychology or even people as such. This sociological class is known as pure sociology. This sociological class is believed to publish a book regarding the subject with the title â€Å" the Death of the Person†. Also, other works such as a book-length project about a general theory about the prediction and explanation of the existence and of struggle in human relationships.            Another author, Albert J. Reiss is considered one of the greatest influences of the Penn Criminology. Reiss works distinct and uniform emphasis on the organized field research and evidence-based policy is considered the trademark of Penn Criminology.            Albert Reiss has been the research director for President Lyndon Johnsons Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice during the nineteen sixties. Using laboratory like procedures and precision and direct observations, he has able to introduce a fresh way of studying violence. Due to his works, he has found out that the endangerment of having violence directly depends on the type of police encounter. The two types of police encounter is â€Å"proactive†and â€Å"reactive†. The first relies on the idea that the police has been invited by a person who is present in the area to intervene in the situation while the second one refers to the idea that the police has intervened in a situation even without the invitation of the people whoa are present in the scene. This means that the police has intervened in the situation at their own expense. From the results of the researches conducted by Reiss, he theorized that police encounters on situations with the consent of the people around brings about less resistance compared to the situations wherein the police has intervened on their own which brings about more resistance from the civilians that brings more violence. Reiss studies has made headlines that almost seventy five percent of all the white police exhibits racial discrimination against black civilians. However, the results of Reiss studies brings about the fact that there in no significant difference in the brutality of the police against black and white. He also found out that both races has been illegally assaulted and brutally treated in front of the public either during their arrest or not. Aside from Reiss project on police control, he also introduced the method of using surveys and studies of reported crimes. This method has detected high rates of undetected delinquent works among middle and upper class juveniles.            Reiss was born in Cascade, Wisconsin on December 9, 1922. He studied at Marquette University, however, he disturbed his studies by joining the US Army Air Corps in World War II by serving as a meteorologist. He finished his doctoral studies in sociology at the University of Chicago. While teaching at the university, he also led some studies regarding probation, juvenile and neighborhood delinquency. When he finished his doctoral studies during 1949, he was promoted to assistant professor. After that, he shifted to Vanderbilt University as he was delegated the chairman of the Sociology Department of the university in the 1952. After serving as the Chairman of the sociology department in the Vanderbilt University, in 1959, he moved to University of Iowa, then University of Wisconsin and then, finally serving as the chairman of sociology at the University of Michigan in 1961. He began doing his field research about police in the University of Michigan. And then, from 1970, until the year he retired in 1993, he began teaching at the Yale University. During his stay in Yale, he published â€Å"The Police and the Public†, his most influential writing about social organizations regarding police confrontation with citizens. He spent his time serving as a senior adviser to ranges of surveys, experiments and researches in Europe, United States and Asia.            Basically, the research that was conducted by Black and Reiss is about finding results on the official detection and countenance of juvenile aberrant. In the investigation, the study is centered on the specific conditions that would in effect cause the chance of having sanction by arrest with relation to the involvement of the police force in certain situations. In general, the study is about processing a control method for juvenile deviance. In relation, the study is also inclined to the interaction that is happening between the juveniles and the representatives of the police system. According to the research conducted: (1) most of the representatives of the legal systems engagement with juveniles would come up due to the direct response of the citizens who take the drive in mobilizing the police during situations; (2) a high fraction of juvenile and police encounters occurs due to reasons that are of minor significance; (3) t he chance of having certain sanctions due to arrest was found out to be very low for the juveniles who have had encounters with the police; (4) the chances of having arrest increases with the alleged seriousness of juvenile offenses as defined by the criminal law for adults; (5) the way the representatives of the legal force sanctions the juveniles is directly dependent on the preferences of the complaints of the citizens during encounters; (6) there is highly significant difference between the number of blacks that are detained than the number of whites detained, however, there is low or even no evidence of racial discrimination; (7) situational evidence is very important in correlating the act of juveniles in order for an arrest to take place; and, (8) the chances of having arrest is most likely in respectful juveniles than those who are disrespectful.            The research continues from the deviance definition and is defined as applicable to any class of behavior wherein there is a great possibility of a sanction that is negative and is regardless of its detection. From the eight ideas that were gained from the research, it was known that there are different factors that relates the detection of the negative sanctions particularly the sanctioning of juveniles. Therefore, the research was made in order for the instances and factors that requires control for the existence of the situation. Moreover, the aim of the research was definitely to discover and investigate the organization of deviance and control.            The study of Reiss and Black about the juvenile control has examined the officers and the representatives of legal systems encounter with the juveniles. They have employed a wide range of methods involving orderly approaches and systematic social observations. The research also took into account the actions that are done by the police and the juveniles in each of the different situations that they have encountered. They have also included the actions and reactions made by the police in their multiple attempts to resolve situations with juveniles. The research has also brought to public a more clear view of the kinds and varieties of offenses and situations in which juveniles can be involved. Moreover, the research also includes a broader scope on the situations that may bring about the juveniles into juvenile justice system and the like.            Generally, the research conducted by Black, Reiss and Lundman is focused on the decisions that are made by the members of the legal system when it comes to juvenile cases and in police-juvenile encounters. Another study conducted by Worden and Myers has similar scopes and documentations. This independent study in the other hand, is focused on the practices that can be observed in police and the representatives of the legal system during encounters and arrest of juveniles. This research also focused on the other forms anf kinds of the authorities that are used by the police such as, investigative tactics, advising, threats and commands. Still another study focuses itself on the contact records from 1968 to 1975 and analyzes the practices that are used by the police members in arresting juveniles. This research has been done Sealock and Simpson.            Generally, all of the studies that ere conducted were very similar to each other. They are focused on the decisions that are made by the police and the members of the legal system during or not during arrest and confrontations. All the researches aims to know the factors that helps the police and the legal system members decide on what certain actions are they going implement and what factors are they going to consider in implementing such actions.            There are also studies that only replicates the works of Reiss and Black. A study that is conducted by Lundman, Richard, Richard E. Sykes and John P. Clark entitled Prevention and Control of Juvenile Delinquency. For the author, Richard Lundman achieved his doctoral studies in the University of Minnesota in the 1973. Dr. Lundman is also an alumni and a distinguished professor at the Ohio State University. Lundmans areas of expertise is in the deviance, white collar and corporate deviance, criminology, juvenile delinquency rate, race, ethnicity, policing and gender. He has also garnered certain awards such as Excellence in instruction Award of the Department of 2002 Sociology Undergraduate Students at the Ohio University. Also, he is recognized as an outstanding faculty member of the Ohio State University during 1997.            This work has been repeatedly updated and in its third edition, the work has been really updated and has included primary trends in the environment. It also covers neighborhood and  individual based origins of juvenile delinquency. The research also covers the study on the problems which includes the minority problems of ever representation i n the justice system. The study also include the situations pertaining to diversion.  It is also concerned with the vital projects that are fundamentally shaping the ideas, decisions and thoughts or actions regarding crimes that are achieved by the youth. The author of the study also added the idea that the things that has been done in the past should also be the ones to be done in the future. He also believed that doing less to the juveniles than doing more to them will be of great help to them.            Primarily, the research that was conducted by the author of the replication of the works of Black and Reiss supports the ideas that were given by the first research. The second research that was conducted by Lundman also believes on the ideas regarding the effects and results given by the reactions of the citizens and the juveniles in certain situations. Moreover, ideas that were presented in the second research were only reiterations of the first research. However, there are only certain changes in the scope and the primary concern of the research. Generally, there the scope and the primary concern of the research was broadened in the second research. The first research has only limited its scope in the juveniles and the representatives of the legal system before engaging in arrests and sanctions. It is also concerned with the results and the effects of the reactions and actions of both the juvenile, the representatives of the legal system as well as the citizens that are present in the situation. However, in the second research, it mostly is concerned with the broadening of the scope and the concerns of the research. If the first research is only about the juveniles and the representatives of the legal system, the second research has also included the reasons and effects that brought about the reactions of youth and the reasons that bring them into crimes.            As a summary, the two researches that were conducted by the three different authors are really of great help to the society, representatives of the legal system but also to the juvenile personalities inside and even outside the corners of the prison cell. It also aids in bringing out the idea that the possibility of racial criticism that is believed to be experienced by the black juveniles. Racial discrimination is believed to have been done by the representatives of the legal system during situations wherein the ones that achieved crimes are black. Discrimination is also believed to have been practiced by the police during application of sanctions. For so long, racial discrimination among the blacks and the whites is very rampant and is still believed that it can be still observed in certain situations nowadays. However, due to the researches conducted, it was discovered that the belief that racial discrimination can still be observed in the police and the manner of application of the sanctions to the juvenile is denied. Also, the researches has also set the ideas regarding the actions and reactions that can be observed during police involvement in certain situations. Reference New York Times (2006) In Memoriam: Albert j. Reiss Jr. Retrived, November 30, 2007, from http://www.crim.upenn.edu/reiss.htm. Sage Publications. (1978). Police Control of Juveniles. Retrieved, November 29, 2007, from http://jrc.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/15/1/74. URMMA. Juveniles, Police Model Policy. Retrieved December 1, 2007, from http://www.urmma.org/html/juveniles.html. Division of Criminal Justice (1990). Juvenile Matters. Retrieved December 1, 2007, from http://www.state.nj.us/lps/dcj/agguide/juvenile.htm. Sherman, Lawrence. Criminologist Albert Reiss Dies at 83; Pioneered Research on Violence. Retrieved December 1, 2007, from www.yale.edu/sociology/news/docs/reiss_obituary_nyt.pdf. SCCgov. (2007). Representation for Juveniles. Retrieved December 1, 2007, from sccgov.org/portal/site/scc/chlevel3?path=/v7/SCC Public Portal/. New Hampshire Bar Association. The Rights of Juveniles. Retrieved December 1, 2007, from http://www.nhbar.org/for-the-public/the-rights-of-juveniles.asp. Black, D. and Reiss, A. Police Control of Juveniles. American Sociological Review, Vol. 35, pp. 63-77.
Friday, September 20, 2019
Chemical and Physical Properties of Water
Chemical and Physical Properties of Water Water is the most common liquid found on earth. It is abundantly found almost everywhere in the universe and on earth. The body weight of a living thing is made in such a way that it is mainly composed of water. The percentage of water in a human being is about 50 – 70% while in other living organisms is about 95%. Water has a number of physical and chemical properties, but this assignment will only discuss the unique properties of water that make it vital to all living organisms to survive. Water has several properties and only those essential to living organisms will be discussed and these are as follows. WATER IS A UNIVERSAL SOLVENT A solvent is a solution in which a solute dissolves. The reason as to why water is known as a ‘universal solvent’ is that many different things can be dissolved in it than in any other liquid. Some of the substances cannot be used in the body unless it is in a solution form. Maitland (1978) agrees with this by saying that â€Å"most gases dissolve readily in water most notably those that are essential for life.†According to Maitland (1978), it is true to say that for some gases like oxygen can only be used by an organism if it is dissolved in water, for example fishes use dissolved oxygen for respiration. WATER HAS HIGH COHESION Cohesion means ‘the sticking together of particles of the same substances.’ Water has the attraction force to molecules of similar substances; this is due to the hydrogen bond which is found in a molecule of water. This force of attraction allows water to move upwards hence carrying with it minerals and nutrients that are needed for the plant to survive. In other words it means that water is the only known medium by which the nutrients and mineral salts can be transported. Water transports dissolved substances in the roots of plants and also transports dissolved food substances through the simple blood vessels in a human body. The high cohesive nature of water is used in the process of transpiration in plants. This happens in such a way that during the day when the plant is transpiring the pull exerted by transpiration makes water to move from the roots to the leaves of the plant and vice versa when it is dark. WATER HAS HIGH SURFACE TENSION According to Agarwa (1974), surface tension has been defined as, ‘a measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break a liquid surface.’ Water is able to form a tough film on its surface due to its high tension character or property. This surface of water supports aquatic life, for many large animals float on the surface due to up thrust. Maitland, (1978), prostitulates that ‘the pelogical habitat proper occurs only in larger bodies of standing water where there is sufficient area and depth for the water to be relatively uninfluenced by the substrate.’ From this statement it can be said that water is a habitat where whales live. It is not easy to compress water due to its high surface tension as a result of this, water acts as a skeleton called hydrostatic skeleton. This type of skeleton is found in soft bodied animals such as an earth worm. In this skeleton the fluid is secreted from the body and pressed against the body muscles and the muscles contracts against the fluid. In this way, the shape and form of this group of animals is maintained. LATENT HEAT OF VAPORISATION The word vaporation can also be termed as evaporation. Evaporation is defined as the change of state from liquid to gas or vapour. Evaporation is essential in keeping the human body cool and not only is it essential to human beings but is also vital to plants in that when excess water is lost during transpiration there is excess heat being lost which brings about the cooling effect. When water evaporates, for example from the surface of the skin or a leaf, it carries with it excess heat. The production of sweat helps in lowering the body temperature when it is too high. This is so vital because the body may overheat easily if certain measures are not taken to cool the body down. Kent (2000:23) says that, ‘heat is lost from the surface when water evaporates from it.’ Therefore, water acts as a cooling mechanism. Water really plays an important role in the cooling mechanism of plants and animals. PENETRATION OF LIGHT One of the properties of water is that of being colourless and transparent. This property allows light rays to penetrate water, therefore, enabling organisms that make their own food to survive in water. Light plays an important role in photosynthesis as it is converted to chemical energy which in turn drives the synthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide and water which are the inorganic substances from which plants make their own food. When light energy strikes the chloroplasts containing chlorophyll, water in the stoma is split into hydrogen and oxygen by the process known as photolysis. Hydrolysis the opposite of photolysis takes place in animals in the process of digestion by breaking food molecules. The green plants are the only agents that provide carbohydrate foods which acts as the basis from which more complex food such as proteins are made by the addition of various elements from the soil. This explanation means that without light being penetrating water, aquatic plants could not survive in water bodies and hence imbalance of nature. WATER HAS SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY Specific heat capacity has been explained that ‘the temperature will drop more slowly as heat is removed because of so much heat inputs or heat loss is required to raise or lower the temperature of water.’ (Eckert et al 2000). This statement means that water makes air to have a stable temperature as it absorbs heat from the air which is warm and release heat to the air which is cold. This phenomenon is observed in land and sea breeze. To sum up on the above account, water remains as an important substance as it helps in many different ways in the life of an organism. In other words, it is true to say that no organism can survive without water because water is used in most important reactions and processes in living organisms, hence the statement, ‘water is life.’ REFERENCES Agarwa (1974), Cell Biology, Genetics, Molecular Biology, Evolution and Ecology, Chad and company Ltd, New Delhi. Kent (2000) Advanced Biology, Oxford University Press, China. Maitland (1978), Biology of Fresh Water, Blackie and Sons Ltd, London. Eckert et al (2000), Animal Physiology, U.S.A., London. BIBLIOGRAPHY Peter et al, (1992), Biology Of Plants, Worth Publishers Inc, U.S.A., London. Purves et al (2000), Life, the Science Of Biology, Sinaver Associate Inc, London. Smith et al (2006), Elements of Ecology, Benjamin Cumming, U.S.A. London.
Thursday, September 19, 2019
Insight On Necrophilia,whats T Essay -- essays research papers
Insight on Necrophilia (1999) Â Â Â Â Â The author Barbara Gowdy has succeeded in “We so Seldom Look on Love'; to arouse our curiosity through a romanticized depiction of what most would consider a sin, necrophilia. It is most probable that society in the nineteen fifties influenced the style and choice of characters to explore such delicate and obscure behavior. Barbara Gowdy proved herself to be very clever by opening a passage through the soul of a young woman, in order to humanize the inexplicable lust for dead flesh. What better way to translate imagination in its purest form than through the soul of a young women: “When you die and your earthly self begins turning into your disintegrated self, you radiate an intense current of energy.'; (p. 1) Certainly the author wishes to offer an approach to necrophilia that defies the reader’s expectations. The idea that such a disturbing behaviour can evolve in the heart and body of a girl at such a young age, can alter the reader’s preconception on the necrophiliac’s physical and emotional profile: “Necrophiles aren’t suppose to be blond and pretty, let alone female.'; (p. 4) With this statement, Barbara Gowdy reinforces the contrast of the story versus the judgement of her society in the fifties. When the author decided to explore a controversial matter of sexual nature, such as necrophilia, she made a thoughtful decision by choosing ...
Wednesday, September 18, 2019
How Media Influences Women Essay -- essays research papers
We, the American public are hit from every imaginable direction every waking moment of our lives by slick advertising agencies trying to coerce us into or tell us why we need to buy their products. Their products will make us happier or thinner, or prettier. The advertisers often use the picture of youth and vitality so that the public will associate that particular product or service with being young and beautiful. They do this because of course in our society youth and beauty are to be coveted. Everyone would like to be forever young and beautiful or for as long as they can anyway. So, everyone is trying to look younger or wants to look younger. The things that we can associate with youth are obvious. We see the picture of youth and beauty everywhere. Look in any magazine, Watch TV, see billboards, everywhere you turn we see young, beautiful people. Youth is synonymous with beauty so little wonder why when you read this bumper sticker â€Å"few women admit their age, few men act i t†a lot of women won’t divulge their age. To do so would be to admit they are perhaps older than they look or if we were to know their real age we might say something (hopefully to ourselves) like â€Å"jeez, she looks a lot older than that!†     The media is really the one at work that shapes a lot of our attitudes and beliefs. They might not necessarily be healthy attitudes and beliefs but they are the ones that have been shoved in front of our faces from the day we were born. Believe me, they know how powerful and influential they (the media) can be. The most disturbing thing to me about advertising is the ideal female body they use. It is absolutely tight, contained, bolted down. Being thin is not enough. Women need to be in shape as well. Obtaining that body becomes a matter of self-control. It illustrates to me that they are saying thin women are in control. They have mastered the discipline of dieting and exercise. It is the fat women who are not in control. Fat has become associated with laziness and lack of self-discipline. Of the statistics that I ran across while researching this topic said that eighty percent of girls between the ages of eight and twelve are on a diet. The number one wish of most women and girls is to loose weight. Media presents images that tell woman and girls that acceptance means being unnaturally thin. The average fashion model,... ...than among males. The ideals of female beauty have not always been inbodied in the figure of most of today’s â€Å"super models†whose bodies resemble that of a young boy, not a woman. Figures like that of Marilyn Monroe, which today are considered fat, were the ideals of the time thirty years ago. It seems difficult to dispute that the attainment of the slender ideal is very painful for many women. in light of the statistics given earlier (only five percent of women can achieve the ideal fashion model form), it is an impossible task for women to pursue. Women develop a highly damaging relationship with food that does very little except limit their lives. Advertising has served as a disciplinary force in the lives of women. Advertisers create images that dictate cultural trends indicative of the time. The dominating image of the painfully thin woman in advertising remains the ideal for the American women. The grim truth is that attaining the slender body of today is not realistic for most women. Their bodies are not naturally shaped like those of twelve-year old boys. Eating disorders are on the rise, and the relationship women have with food is becoming an increasingly dangerous one.
Tuesday, September 17, 2019
The Dead Essay -- Essays Papers
The Dead 1) Symbolic meaning of snow†¦ a. Beginning when first enters Aunts house (warmth) he is out of the snow = coldness, isolation and inhumanity. But when enters the home he is surrounded with warmth and acceptance. Pages 10-11 b. Page 25 Gabriel was nervous about presenting his speech and sought comfort at a window. Looking outside at the falling snow, Gabriel he received a form of release, escape and feeling that he is unknown. c. At the end of the story, when Gabriel is with his wife Gretta, snow symbolizes a â€Å"new awareness†. He realizes that he looks too heavily upon himself and should look towards others and become more compassionate. 2) Characteristics of Gabriel†¦. a. Pages 12-13 When contemplating speech he considers changing it because he feels that nobody... The Dead Essay -- Essays Papers The Dead 1) Symbolic meaning of snow†¦ a. Beginning when first enters Aunts house (warmth) he is out of the snow = coldness, isolation and inhumanity. But when enters the home he is surrounded with warmth and acceptance. Pages 10-11 b. Page 25 Gabriel was nervous about presenting his speech and sought comfort at a window. Looking outside at the falling snow, Gabriel he received a form of release, escape and feeling that he is unknown. c. At the end of the story, when Gabriel is with his wife Gretta, snow symbolizes a â€Å"new awareness†. He realizes that he looks too heavily upon himself and should look towards others and become more compassionate. 2) Characteristics of Gabriel†¦. a. Pages 12-13 When contemplating speech he considers changing it because he feels that nobody...
Monday, September 16, 2019
Ap Exam Essays
AP Exam Essays 2001-2010 2010 AP Exam Essays 1. In what ways did ideas and values held by Puritans influence the political, economic, and social development of the New England colonies from 1630 through the 1660s? 2. Analyze the political, diplomatic, and military reasons for the United States victory in the Revolutionary War. Confine your answer to the period 1775–1783. 3. Analyze the ways in which controversy over the extension of slavery into western territories contributed to the coming of the Civil War. Confine your answer to the period 1845–1861. 4.Analyze the roles that women played in Progressive Era reforms from the 1880s through 1920. Focus your essay on TWO of the following. †¢ Politics †¢ Social conditions †¢ Labor and working conditions 5. 5. Explain the causes and consequences of TWO of the following population movements in the United States during the period 1945–1985. †¢ Suburbanization †¢ The growth of the Sun Belt †¢ Immigration to the United States 2009 [pic]AP Exam Essays 1. DBQ: From 1775 to 1830, many African Americans gained fredom from slavery, yet during the same period the institution of slavery expanded.Explain why BOTH of these changes took place. Analyze the ways that BOTH free African Americans and enslaved African Americans responded to the challenges confronting them. 2. Analyze the ways in which British imperial policies between 1763 and 1776 intensified colonials' resistance to British rule and their comitment to republican values. 3. Analyze the social, political, and economic forces of the 1840s and early 1850s that led to the emergence of the Republican Party. 4. Choose TWO of the following organizations and explain their strategies for advancing the interests of workers.To what extent were these organizations successful in achieving their objectives? Confine your answers to the period from 1875 to 1925. Choices: Knights of Labor, American Federation of Labor, Socialist Part of America, Industrial Workers of the World. 5. Analyze the home-front experiences of TWO of the following groups during the Second World War: African Americans, Japanese Americans, Jewish Americans, Mexican Americans. 2008 [pic]AP Exam Essays 1. DBQ: Analyze the ways in which the Vietnam War heightened social, political, and economic tensions in the United States. Focus your answer on the period 1964 to 1975. . Early encounters between American Indians and European colonists led to a variety of relationships among the different cultures. Analyze how the actions taken by BOTH American Indians and European colonists shaped those relationships in TWO of the following regions. Confine your answer to the 1600s: New England, Chesapeake, Spanish Southwest, New York and New France. 3. Analyze the impact of the market revolution (1815-1860) on the economies of TWO of the following regions: the Northeast, the Midwest, the South. 4. Following Reconstruction, many southern leaders promoted th e idea of a â€Å"New South. To what extent was the â€Å"New South†a reality by the time of the First World War? In your answer be sure to address TWO of the following: Economic development, Politics, Race relations. 5. Presidential elections between 1928 and 1948 revealed major shifts in political party loyalties. Analyze both the reasons for these changes and their consequences during this period. 2007 [pic]AP Exam Essays 1. DBQ: Analyze the ways in which technology, government policy, and economic conditions changed American agriculture in the period 1865-1900. In your answer be sure to evaluate farmers' responses to these changes. . Settlers in the eighteenth-century American backcountry sometimes resorted to violent protest to express their grievances. Analyze the causes and significance of TWO of the following: March of the Paxton Boys, Regulator movement, Shays' Rebellion, Whiskey Rebellion. 3. In what ways did the Second Great Awakening in the North influence TWO o f the following? Abolitionism, Temperance, the Cult of Domesticity, Utopian communities. 4. To what extent did the role of the federal government change under President Theodore Roosevelt in regard to TWO of the following: Labor, Trusts, Conservation, World affairs. 5. Landslide presidential victories do not ensure continued political effectiveness or legislative success. †Assess the validity of this statement by comparing TWO of the following presidential administration: Franklin Roosevelt (1936), Lyndon Johnson (1964), Richard Nixon (1972), Ronald Reagan (1984). 2006 [pic]AP Exam Essays 1. DBQ: Discuss the changing ideals of American womanhood between the American Revolution (1770s) and the outbreak of the Civil War. What factors fostered the emergence of â€Å"republican motherhood†and the â€Å"cult of domesticity? †Assess the extent to which these ideals influenced the lives of women during this period.In your answer be sure to consider issues of race and class. 2. Analyze the differences between the Spanish settlements in the Southwest and the English colonies in New England in the seventeeth century in terms of TWO of the following: Politics, Religion, Economic development. 3. Explain why and how the role of the federal government changed as a result of the Civil War with respect to TWO of the following during the period 1861-1877. 4. Historians have argued that Progressive reform lost momentum in the 1920s. Evaluate this statement with respect to TWO of the following: Regulation of business, Labor, Immigrants. 5.While the United States appeared to be dominated by consensus and conformity in the 1950s, some Americans reacted against the status quo. Analyze the critiques of United States society made by TWO of the following: Youth, Civil Rights Activists, Intellectuals. 2005 AP Exam Essays 1. DBQ: To what extent did the American Revolution fundamentally change American society? In your answer, be sure to address the political, soci al, and economic effects of the Revolution in the period from 1775 to 1800. 2. Compare and contrast the ways in which economic development affected politics in Massachusetts and Virginia in the period from 1607 to 1750. . To what extent did the debates about the Mexican War and its aftermath reflect the sectional interests of New Englandgers, westerners, and southerners in the period from 1845 to 1855? 4. Describe the patterns of immigration in TWO of the periods listed below. Compare and contrast the responses of Americans to immigrants in these periods: 1820 to 1860, 1880 to 1924, 1965 to 2000. 5. Analyze the extent to which TWO of the following transformed American society in the 1960s and 1970s: The Civil Rights movement, the antiwar movement, the women's movement. 2004 AP Exam Essays 1.DBQ: In what ways did the French and Indian War (1754-63) alter the political, economic, and ideological relations between Britain and its American colonies? Use the documents and your knowledge of the period 1740-1766 in constructing your response. 2. Analyze the impact of the American Revolution of the both slavery and the status of women in the period from 1775-1800. 3. Analyze the effectiveness of political compromise in reducing sectional tensions in the period 1820 to 1861. 4. Compare and contrast the programs and policies designed by reformers of the Progressive era to those designed by reformers of the New Deal period.Confine your answers to programs and policies that addressed the needs of those living in poverty. 5. Analyze the successes and failures of the United States Cold War policy of containment as it developed in TWO of the follow regions of the world during the period 1945 to 1975: East and Southeast Asia, Europe, Latin America, Middle East. 2003 AP Exam Essays 1. DBQ: Analyze the responses of Franklin D. Roosevelt's administration to the problems of the Great Depression. How effective were the responses? How did they change the role of the federal governm ent? Use the documents and your knowledge of the period 1929-1941 to construct your essay. . Evaluate the extent to which the Articles of Confederation were effective in solving the problems that confronted the new nation. 3. In what ways did developments in transportation bring about economic and social change in the United States in the period 1820-1860? 4. Evaluate the impact of the Civil War on political and economic developments in TWO of the following regions: The South, the North, the West. Focus your answer on the period between 1865 and 1900. 5. Compare and contrast United States society in the 1920s and the 1950s with respect to TWO of the following: race relations, role of women, consumerism. 002 AP Exam Essays 1. DBQ: â€Å"Reform movements in the United States sought to expand democratic ideals. †Assess the validity of this statement with specific reference to the years 1825-1850. 2. Compare the ways in which religion shaped the development of colonial society ( to 1740) in TWO of the following regions: New England, Chesapeake, Middle Atlantic. 3. Analyze the contribution of TWO of the following in helping establish a stable government after the adoption of the Constitution: John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, George Washington. . Compare and contrast United States foreign policy after the First World War and after the Second World War. Consider the periods 1919-1928 and 1945-1950. 5. How did the African American Civil Rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s address the failures of the Reconstruction? 2001 AP Exam Essays 1. DBQ: What were the Cold War fears of the American people in the aftermath of the Second War War? How successfully did the administration of President Dwight D. Eisenhower address these fears? 2.How did economic, geographic, and social factors encourage the growth of slavery as an important part of the economy of the southern colonies between 1607 and 1775? 3. The Jacksonian Period (1824-1848) has been celebrated as the era of t he â€Å"common man. †To what extent did the period live up to its characterization? Consider TWO of the following in your response: Economic development, Politics, Reform movements. 4. How and why did transportation developments spark economic growth during the period from 1860 to 1900 in the United States? 5. Describe and account for the rise of nativism in American society from 1900 to 1930.
Pandora: disintermediator or disintermediated? Essay
For Pandora, one of the biggest players in Internet radio, figuring out the future is both challenging and intimidating. If the regular challenges of growing a new company aren’t enough, Pandora also faces a market that is reeling in turmoil. In the new digital world, the way people listen to music continues to change dramatically. It seems likely that Pandora will either lead the changes or fall victim to them. Pandora was founded just over a decade ago. At that time, a vast majority of music listeners were still getting their groove on in one of two ways: They either popped a CD into their home, car, or personal CD player or they turned on the old AM/FM radio. But the advent of digital formats like MP3s has had a huge impact on CD sales and has drawn people away from what is now called â€Å"terrestrial radio.†Moreover, like the music business, the radio business has faced major changes of its own. The Telecommunications Act of 1996 reduced limitations on the number of stations that one owner could hold. This led to huge ownership groups that consolidated and standardized listening formats. The result is less diversity on the radio, with shorter playlists and fewer artists represented. From one city to the next, all across the United States, radio stations have started to sound more alike. Both these trends – combined with the explosion of Internet usage and changes in online technologies – have led to a deluge of companies trying to capitalize on the future of music distribution. This includes download services such as iTunes, subscription services such as Rhapsody and eMusic, an endless number of Internet radio stations, and even satellite radio network SirriusXM. Today, with an ever†growing list of listening devices and cloud music services that store personal music libraries so they can be accessed anywhere by any device, listening trends continue to evolve. But one thing about the future is certain: The business of listening to music is full of disruption and confusion. Things are changing fast and the winning products and servicesâ€â€indeed, the survivorsâ€â€are yet to be determined. The Power of People Amid the chaos, Pandora has carved out its own niche, setting itself apart as an automated music recommendation service. It isn’t a play†on†demand service, where members can simply choose the exact song and artist they want. Rather, listeners enter an artist or song suggestion. The playlist starts with a track by the r equested artist and inserts additional songs by that artist every once in a while. But in between, Pandora cues up songs by other artists similar in nature to the requested material. If an unliked or unwanted song plays, the listener can click the â€Å"thumbs down†icon or just skip the song and it will be removed from the list. Users can also create stations by browsing artists alphabetically, or they can tune in to pre†made genre stations or to other users’ stations. Listener’s can create as many stations as they wish, each oriented around the initial input. Lots of online services employ similar recommendation features (think Netflix and Amazon). But Pandora has set a precedent by the predictive power of its recommendation software. The Pandora software is amazingly precise at choosing material that fits with what the user wants. According to Tim Westergren, founder and Chief Strategy Officer for Pandora,
Sunday, September 15, 2019
New Moon Book Report
This book report is being written for Mr. Reynold Bassant, lecturer for Comparative Literature. The book which was carefully selected is New Moon, it was written by Stephanie Meyer, one of the most promising new authors of this century. The book has 563 pages and was first published in hard cover by Little Brown and Company in September 2006, in the United States of America. After mass circulation and the sale of two million copies, the book became the New York Times Number One bestseller for 2007. It was later published in soft cover by First Media Tie in September 2009.As a sequel to The Twilight Saga, New Moon is now a major motion picture which has received numerous accolades. Even though this saga comes in four parts- Twilight, New Moon, Eclipse and Breaking Dawn, I chose to do this review on the second saga because it best documents the sacrifices, heartaches and forgiveness one faces in the trials of true love and friendship. What makes the book even more exciting is the fact that Meyer chooses to weave this web of friendship with a mortal human, a wolf boy and a 145-year-old vampire.I find the book intriguing because Meyer has created an amazing hybrid of romance, tragedy and adventure wrapped between the covers of this exciting sequel. The main characters of the book are Bella Swan, a 17-year-old high school student, her childhood friend and werewolf Jacob Black and Edward Cullen, a mind-reading vampire. Bella moves out of her mother’s home in Phoenix and goes to live with her father Charlie, who is a Sheriff. She promptly falls in love with Edward. Meanwhile, Jacob is a proud descendant of the Quileutes Indian tribe who lives in a reservation called La Push.He and several other Quileutes are honour bound to protect the town from blood thirsty vampires. Because of this both Edward and Jacob are mortal enemies and Bella is trapped in between her star-crossed supernatural love for Edward and her genuine friendship with Jacob. The villains of the b ook are Victoria, a revengeful vampire, and the ancient Volturi vampire family who uphold law and order among their immortal clan. Other important characters in this book are Edwards’s family- father Carlisle, mother Esme, sisters Rosalie and Alice and his brothers, Emmett and Jasper.Like Edward they are all â€Å"vegetarian vampires†who survive on animal blood. Carlisle is a prominent doctor who saves Bella’s life on two occasions. Alice is psychic who has an uncanny ability to predict the future. Her skill weaves a hypnotic thrill of suspense as she sets the pace for the various scenes in the book. Jasper can control moods with his mind while Emmett has brute strength. Rosalie is considered the most beautiful of the group while Esme is the glue that holds the family together.Meanwhile, Bella’s mother Rene and step-father Phil lives in Florida and keeps regular contact with her through e-mail. Jacob’s father is Billy, a wheel-chair bound Quileute warrior who holds all the secrets of La Push. There are at least six wolves headed by Sam Uley and includes Leah and Seth Clearwater, Quil Atera and Embry Call who safeguard human life in Forks and La Push. New Moon is undeniably a suspense thriller. The book is mainly set in the contemporary rainy town of Forks, located in Washington DC in the United States of America.Most of the scenes take place at Forks, at the La Push Indian reservation, located a few miles away, the town of Port Angeles and finally at Italy where the Volturi clan resides. Both Bella and Edward attend the Forks High school where they spend time with other friends such as Jessica Stanley, Angela and Mike Newton. But in the second chapter when Jasper attempts to attack Bella, Edward becomes concerned and decides to leave Bella so that she could enjoy her human life with someone from her own clan.He makes the ultimate sacrifice knowing that Bella could never fit into his world. When Edward leaves, Bella spends th ree months as a mere shadow of her former self. She becomes introverted and it was only when Charlie decides to send her back to Jacksonville with her mother that she decides to visit Jacob. She gives him two motorbikes to repair and starts spending all her afternoons at the Reservation. Bella soon realises that whenever she does anything risky, she hears Edward’s voice in her head, cautioning her.She becomes dependant on his voice in her head. When she jumps off a cliff to skydive, Alice gets a vision and Edward believes that Bella had committed suicide. Unable to live with himself, he goes to the Volturi hoping that they can end his life. The Volturi leaders Aro, Caius and Marcus refuse as they value Edward’s mind reading gift. Edward decides to reveal himself to Italians knowing that the ultimate penalty for such exposure would be death. But Alice gets another vision of Edward’s intentions and takes Bella to Italy to save him.She manages to stop him before he commits the act. But the Volturi captures them both. They eventually release Bella and Edward after they both confess their love. They are allowed to leave only when Edward promises to change Bella into a vampire. When they return home, Jacob is broken hearted because he had fallen in love with Bella and cannot believe that she would return to Edward after he rejected her. The book shows the trials of sacrifice and the tragedy of love, especially love that is star-crossed.Although New Moon is a fascinating book filled with myths and legends of ancient tribes, it is unfortunate that Meyer chooses to associate suicide with love. The book reveals that both Edward and Bella cannot live without each other. They both sacrifice themselves for each other’s happiness. While this is commendable, I believe that the emphasis on suicide in the final scene with the Volturi, as well as Bella’s apparent desire to die by doing risky things, is not healthy for the impressionable young readers who read this exciting trilogy.I also find fascinating the plot that Meyer uses where Bella saves Edward. This is a refreshing change from the usual plots where the hero saves the damsels in distress. There is also a strong emphasis on the importance of family and friendship which I find commendable. Therefore, I will definitely recommend this book to other readers as it is impossible to stop reading this sequel once you get started. The book gives one an insight into the sacrifices that we humans would make, in our quest to protect those whom we love.
Saturday, September 14, 2019
Business Ethics Essay
Ethics is a collection of moral principles and rules of conduct accepted by part or all of the members of a society. Ethics guides behaviour based on beliefs about what is right and wrong. The source of these beliefs may be tradition, religion, or reasoned judgments about what is best for the individual and society as a whole. Business Ethics is the group of rules of conduct applied specifically to business situations. Ethics is not the same as law. Many ethical beliefs are formally reinforced by law, but many are not. Until recently, it was legal to fire almost any employee for any reason, regardless of the length of his or her service. Often the terminated employees was denied any provision for a company pension. Today, this practice is inhibited by federal law. In practice, ethics is expressed and felt as a combination of pressures that direct one to take or not to take certain actions. Decisions must be acceptable to many different elements of society. First, they must be acceptable to the conscience of the decision maker. A manager may legitimately think, â€Å" I could legally take this action, and I could probably get others to accept it, but I ought not do it because it is not right.†Managers must consider the potential effects of their decisions on the people and companies directly involved with the business operation: customers, suppliers, competitors, employees, investors, and creditors. In addition, manager must consider- and try to control- the possible effects of their decisions on the community at large. It is only recently that business has become aware of how it affects individuals and the whole society. The lassez-faire business environment of the nineteenth century promoted the belief that almost any practice that increased profits was, in the long run, good for the country. The result was cutthroat competition, fraud, deceptive marketing, price and market manipulation, worthless and dangerous products, exploitation of workers, and other practices that today are considered unethical. At the same time that so many harmful business activities were being carried on, some companies did abide by the fundamentals of good business ethics. At the height of the ruthless development of the nineteenth century, many managers still believed in producing high-quality products, honestly sold at a fair price. They felt success could be built on hardwork, creativity, and genuine customer satisfaction. It is the belief that high ethical standards are in the long run good for profits that is stressed in business today. In spite of improvements, however, there is evidence that managing a business may involve, at every level, a compromise with an individual’s ethical standards. In 1975, a major survey asked 238 managers whether they felt â€Å" pressured to compromise their personal standards to attain the company goals. â€Å" About 50 percent of the top-level executives said they did. Ethical Issues Ethical issues are not confined to court cases. All business people face them daily, and they stem from a variety of sources. Although some types of issues arise infrequently, others occur regularly. Let’s take a closer look at several ethical issues. Fairness and Honesty Fairness and honesty in business are two important ethical concerns. Besides obeying all laws and regulations, business persons are expected to refrain from knowingly deceiving, misrepresenting, or intimidating others. Organizational Relationships A business person may be tempted to place his or her personal welfare above the welfare of others or the welfare of the organization. Relationship with customers and coworkers often create ethical problems– since confidential information is expected to be kept secret and all obligation should be honoured. Unethical behaviour in these areas includes taking credit for others’ ideas or work, not meeting one’s obligation in a mutual agreement, and pressuring others to behave unethically. Conflict of interest Conflict of interest results when a business person takes advantage of a situation for his or her own interest rather than for the employer’s interest. Such conflict may occur when payments and gifts make their way into business deals. A wise rule to remember is that anything given to a person that might unfairly influence that person’s business decision is a bribe, and all bribes are unethical. Communications Business communications, especially advertising, can present ethical questions. False and misleading advertising is illegal and unethical, and it can infuriate customers. Sponsors of advertisements aimed at children must be especially careful to avoid misleading messages. Advertisers of health-related products must also take precautions to guard against deception when using such descriptive terms as â€Å" low fat,†â€Å" fat-free,†and â€Å" light.†Demand for Ethical Behaviour Businesses, governments, and the public are all paying more attention to business ethics. The Foreign Corrupt Practice Act (FCPA) of 1977 was enacted in response to disclosure that American corporations were paying bribes to high governmental officials in foreign countries. The bribes were used in an attempt to win contracts and sell products and services. In their defense, the companies argued that firms in other countries did the same thing; the American firms had to pay bribes or risk losing sales. Congress disagreed and passed the FCPA to outlaw the practice. Bribes and kickbacks have come under particularly close scrutiny lately. A kickback occurs when someome who has won a contract or made a sale through favourable treatement gives back part of the profits from the transaction to the party providing the favour. For example, a retailer hires a market researcher to find a good location for a new store. The retailer does not know that the researcher has previously agreed to recommend the property of a real estate developer. In return, the researcher will secretly receive a percentage of the first year’s rent on the property. A bribe is a payment made â€Å"up front’ to influence a transaction. Thus, a bribe occurs before a transaction and a kickback afterwards. Bribery is especially a problem in overseas dealings. Following a criminal investigation by the Justice Department, Lockheed Corporation pleaded guilty to charges of concealing payoffs to Japanese business and government officials. Lockheed was fined $647,000. In another instance, the Brunwick Corporation admitted to the Securities and Exchange Commission that it had paid bribes to two Latin American countries to win contracts. The Joseph Schlitz Brewing Company faced a 747-count federal indictment for giving kickbacks to beer retailers and distributors in exchange for their business. It later agreed to pay a $750,000 penalty. Most recently, General Dynamics, General Electric, and other large companies have been charged with defrauding the Pentagon. The illegal exploits of Ivan Boesky and other Wall Street traders sent shock waves through the Investment community in 1987. In December 1988, the Wall Street firm of Drexel Burham Lambert pleaded guilty to six felony counts of mail, wire, and security fraud and agreed to pay $650 million in fines and restitution. It subsequently filed for bankruptcy. Michael Milken, head of Drexel’s Beverly Hills junk bond office, agreed in 1990 to plead guilty to six felony counts and to pay $600 million in fines and restitution. Also in 1990, American Express publicly apologized for what it admitted was a â€Å"shameful†and â€Å"baseless†smear campaign against rival financier Edmund Safra. Among other things, the company had spread false rumours that Safra was connected to drug cartels. The company agreed to donate $8 million to charities selected by Safra. At about the same time, the Bank of Credit and Commerce International (BCCI) scandal was exploding. Finally shut down by regulators in mid-1991, Luxembourg-based BCCI had been under suspicion since the 1970s. The collapse of BCCI, which operated in 73 countries, revealed fraud of historic proportion, involving bribery, corruption, money laundering, gun running, drug smuggling, terrorism, amd more than $5 billion in lost and stolen assets. COMPANY POLICIES AND BUSINESS ETHICS Within the workplace, an additional factor the company itself– can influence ethical behaviour, if not always beliefs. As illegal and/or unethical activities by managers have caused more problems for companies, many firms have taken steps to encourage their employees to practise more ethical behaviour. The Strategies for Success â€Å" Succeeding with Ethical Business Behaviour offers some guidelines. Perhaps the single most significant thing a company can do to influence its employees is to demonstrate top management’s support for ethical behaviour. During a recent scandal at Rockwell International ‘s Rocky Flat plutonium plant, for example, executives’ unwillingness to acknowledge wrongdoing led to greater problems. If Rockwell executives had responded more openly, the company might not have lost its right to operate the Rocky Flats plant. To demonstrate their commitment to ethical business practices, many companies have adopted written codes of ethics that formally acknowledge the firm’s intent to conduct its business ethically. An excellent illustration of the power of business ethics occurred a few years ago at Johnson & Johnson. On two different occasions, several of the company’s Tylenol capsules were found to be laced with cyanide. Such a disaster would have ruined many companies. Managers at Johnson & Johnson, however, quickly recalled all of the Tylenol capsules still on retailer’s shelves and offered fortright and candid information whenever asked. The highly ethical practices exemplified by Johnson & Johnson allowed both the firm and the Tylenol brand to bounce back much more quickly than anyone thought possible. A lively current debate concerns the degree to which business ethics can be â€Å"taught â€Å" in schools. Not surprisingly, business schools have been important participants in such debates. But companies also need to educate their employees. More and more firms are taking this route by offering ethics training to their managers. Such training helps employees to assess situations in which they might have to make reasoned, ethical decisions. ETHICS AS A PRACTICAL MATTER A message from David R. Whitwam Chairman of the Board Whirpool corporation The question of ethics in business conduct has become one of the most serious challenges to the business community in modern times. At Whirpool, we share with millions of other Americans, a deep concern over recent relationships of unethical and othen illegal conduct on the part of some of this nation’s most prominant business people and corporation. The purpose of this message is not to pass judgement on any of these occurrence; each must and will be judged on its own merits by those charged with that responsibility. Rather this message is intended to place firmly on record the position of Whirpool Corporation regarding business ethics and the conduct of every Whirpool employee. It represents an irrevocable commitment to our customers and stockholders that our actions will be governed by the highest personal and professional standards in all activities relating to the operation of this business. Over the years, circumstances have prompted us to develop a number of specific policies dealing with such critical elements of ethical business practice as conflict of interest, gifts, political activities, entertainment, and substantiation of claims We aslo have a basic statement of ethics which places the ultimate responsibility for ethical behaviour precisely where it belongs in any organization†¦. on the shoulders of the person in charge: â€Å" No employee of this company will ever be called upon to do anything in the line of duty that is morally, ethically or legally wrong. Furthermore, if in the operation of this complex enterprise, an employee should come upon circumstances of which he or she cannot be personally proud, it should be that person’s duty to bring it to the attention of the top management if unable to correct the matter in any other way.†Every Whirpool manager carries the dual responsibility implicit in this policy statement, including the chairman of the board. Our written policies deals with nearly all facets of business experience. We review, revise and recommunicate them to our managers on a regular basis†¦. and we see that our managers carry on the communication throughout the company. But as a practical matter, there is no way to assure ethical behaviour with written policies and policies statements. In the final analysis, â€Å" ethical behaviour â€Å" must be an integral part of the organization, a way of life that is deeply ingrained in the collective corporate body. I believe this condition exists at Whirpool, and that it constitutes our greatest single assurance that htis company’s employees will conduct the affairs of this business in a manner consistent with the highest standards of ehtical behaviour. At Whirpool we have certain ways of doing things. They are commonly accepted practices, enforced not by edict, but rather by a mutual conviction that they will, in the long term, work in the best interest of our customers, our stockholders, the company and all its employees. In any business enterprise, ethical behaviour must be a tradition, a way of conducting one’s affairs that is passed on from generation to generation of employees at all levels of the organization. It is the responsibility of management , starting at the very top. to both set the examples by personall conduct and create an environment that not only encourages and rewards ethical behaviour, but which also makes anything less totally unacceptable. I believe this has been achieved at Whirpool. The men who founded this company back in 1911 were individually possessed of great integrity and honour. They forstered a tradition of ethical conduct in their business practices, and they perpetuated that tradition through careful selection of the people who would one day fall heir to leadership of the company. The system works. Time and time again I have witnessed its efficacy. It shows no hospitality whatsoever to those not willing to abide by its standards, and unerringly identifies and purges them. Unfortunately, the system is not automatically self-sustaining. It must be constantly reaffirmed by each new generation of leaders. In the position I now occupy, I view this as one of my most important responsibilities. As this company grows, and as the pressures upon it increase, maintaining our tradition of ethicial conduct become an increasingly difficult task. But I am confident it will be maintained, because it is necessary for continued growth, profitability and success. Sincerely, Remark: Business ethics: the study of moral behaviour, character, guiding beliefs, standards, or ideas that pervade a group, a community, a person; it deals with what is right and wrong, good and bad. The question of ethics- the branch of philosophy that deals with the â€Å" right†and â€Å" wrong†of human behaviour- has been connected with business since the beginning of commerce. In business, what determines the line between honest and dishonest methods? What is ethical business conduct? What is unethical business conduct? Answers to these questions may not be consistent because they depend upon the ethical standards of the person passing judgment, and the basic moral and beliefs of society. The guides to business ethics in our society derive primarily from religion and law. – Religious teaching spell out the requirements for moral responsibility. – Law provides codes for governing business behaviour.
Friday, September 13, 2019
Identify, explain and evaluate any problems you can foresee upon the Case Study
Identify, explain and evaluate any problems you can foresee upon the death, disability or retirement of Jessica - Case Study Example In the case of retirement, obviously if she had secured a permanent job. Walter will most likely switch to a better paying job, in order to cushion the family from any event that might have affected Jessica. Or based on his assumption of a current employment, he will ask for a salary increase. Their house, based on their current valuation indicates that it appreciates at approximately $9000 each year. If she is to retire at the age of 60 and the rate of inflation stayed fixed, it will be valued at $478000.Within this time, their 15-year mortgage plan will have been fully cleared. Other joint investments will with BMO, will stay the same, while one of the cars, preferably Jessica’s, and will be sold off to keep family finances afloat. The expenses will be borne heavily by Walter, since Jessica will have less to deduct from. The insurance premiums and other deductions will likely continue especially the monthly taxes as well as household needs. Whether the weight will be borne by the two entirely depends on the presence and ability of Jessica. In case of death, her tax deductions as well as her car benefits will be cut short, while the weight will shift to Walter, who is likely to start cutting down on the expense. The will they made, even though not up to date, encompasses what makes up their life. As a result, it will come into operation in the case of her death, with Walter and the kids taking full shares in the marital property. In such a situation, Walter is likely to revise the will and entitle the kids to full administration of estate in case of his unavailability too. Assuming Jessica too plans to retire at 60 and things remain the same, she won’t be entitled to any benefits, since she is not in any pension plan. In case of her demise, the spousal plan currently being paid for her by her husband will stop. The available group health insurance policy will cover Jessica, unless she is dead. The
Thursday, September 12, 2019
What is the Daodejing (Tao Te Ching) What is or was its purpose REL WK Essay
What is the Daodejing (Tao Te Ching) What is or was its purpose REL WK 5DQ - Essay Example The person who asked the philosopher to write perhaps lived with him and has seen the wisdom of the author. Therefore the book was primarily written to serve as a guide to readers in how they should live a virtuous life. The circumstances presented relate not only to the intended audience during its writing but also to contemporary readers. This is probably the reason why it is very popular even to this day. It counsels people on how to live with dignity and integrity in a world full of struggles, lies and envy. It also presents arguments about wealth, wisdom and power. The work is full of paradoxes, such as showing the wisdom of rich merchants burying their wealth to show that they have none. The author shows in his book that it is not wealth then, that makes a person what he is but how he deals with what he has. For instance, a wise person who boasts in his wisdom is in fact a fool but a humble person will always find wealth in his life because he is able to live in peace with his neighbors, not endangering his life by letting others know what he
Wednesday, September 11, 2019
Practical lab writeups - see pdf files Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Practical lab writeups - see pdf files - Essay Example The presence of 3 1H peaks indicates that it is not a dinitrate product but a mononitrate product. The presence of the 1H singlet and two doublets indicates that one H is apart and the other two are on neighbouring C atoms, so NO2 is at position 4. So the product is 1,2-dimethoxy-4-nitrobenzene, consistent with the melting point. The melting point of the semicarbazide derivative of compound A was found to be 224-225 Â ºC, which means that compound A is likely to be o-chloro-benzaldehyde or p-hydroxy-benzaldehyde. According to the 1HNMR spectrum, with benzene proton peaks around 7 ppm and aldehyde proton singlet, the second functional group should also contain one proton, showing up as a singlet. Therefore, the second functional group is a hydroxy-group, so compound A is p-hydroxy-benzaldehyde. This hydroxyl-group also gives the possibility to from the bicyclic structure of compound B. The H atom of NH will exchange with solvent, so if D2O is added it may be replaced with D. This only influences the peak of the H of NH, which will become a doublet with the second peak (of D) at lower intensity and at higher field (lower
Tuesday, September 10, 2019
Strategic marketing communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words
Strategic marketing communications - Essay Example Bottom up processing is one where the lower levels of management communicate with the higher level of management and this is where ideas might be floated up and also problems and concerns about various factors within the organization are communicated to the higher levels so that they can take action and solve the problems, the more efficient this process, the more loyal the employees are to the company because if they feel that they are being heard by the upper management they feel that they are a part of the organization as well because they have a role to play in the betterment of the organization and that is why their problems are being heard and solved. This kind of communication can be encouraged in many ways, for example having the same lunch or refreshment areas for all the levels of employees so that they can communicate in an environment with out being intimidated by the rank of the person that they wish to communicate with, the top management should be seen by the lower lev els of the employee ranks because that helps them to identify with individuals and the organization on the whole. Top down processing is where the top levels of management communicate with their subordinates with respect to the job instructions and other types of policy implementation, this kind of processing is very important because the dynamics of the organization depend on such type of a communications policy, generally it has been seen that companies that have a effective top down communication strategy have been able to reap much more employee loyalty and productivity rather than those companies that have a poor strategy in top down processing of communication, this is because companies that are better at this kind of communication can implement change effectively and frequently because they can communicate the though process behind the change process to the lower levels of employees and the employees feel and believe that the company has their betterment in mind when it feels the need to change any of the processes. This kind of communication process can be implemented by having a good telecommunication technology in place because people need to be told simultaneously of the policy changes that are being implemented and it is more faster than normal modes of communication. (Kotelnikov, 2005) (Monmouth, 2006) Managing Partnerships The horizontal communication process takes place between employees at the same levels, or managers at the same level, for example the marketing manager of an organization speaking to the financial manager and discussing the marketing budget. This kind of communication is very important because this is where bottlenecks can be created or avoided and projects can be given a boost, for strengthening this kind of process infrequent communication and communication in a work free environment or a casual environment can be encouraged. At this level partnerships and cross functional teams are created that help each other to achieve the organization's goal more effectively and efficiently. (Kotelnikov, 200
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